Unit 6 | Grammar | B2
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Unit 6 | Grammar | B2

Phrasal verbs

take after

take...away

take...in

take off

take...on

take...over

take to

take...up

resemble a member of one’s family

subtract; remove

be able to understand / deceive

(of aircraft) leave the ground

accept responsibility

gain control of

have a liking for

adopt a hobby

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate phrasal verb in the correct tense.

  1. He soon __________________ his teacher
  2. Don’t _____________________ so much extra work.
  3. He _____________________ his father more than his mother.
  4. We were all ____________________ by his innocent-looking face.
  5. That looks disgusting._______________ it__________________!
  6. ___________________ swimming has relieved my back pain.
  7. The plane will soon_______________________.
  8. The trainee couldn’t _________________ all the information he has given.
  9. Our company __________________ by a multinational.

Reflexive and Reciprocal pronouns

Reflexive or emphatic pronouns:

myself yourself himself herself itself
ourselves yourselves themselves oneself  

are used:

a. as objects after the verb when the subject and the object are the same,

■ He cut himself with a knife.

b. to emphasize the subject or object,

■ The manager himself came to the factory to talk to the workers.
■ The workers talked to the manager himself.

c. in the expressions: by himself = alone, without company or help; for himself = in person, personally.

■ She was angry because she had to do all the housework by herself.
■ If you don’t believe me, come and see for yourself.

Reciprocal pronouns: each other and one another, which are interchangeable, are used:

a. when two or more people/things do the same thing or share the same feelings,

■ They are proud of each other.
■ The two cars collided with one another.

b. only as the object of the verb or preposition.

■ They fought one another for hours.
■ They know each other quite well.

Complete the sentences with either a reflexive or a reciprocal pronoun.

  1. He cut_______________________ while he was trying to open a tin of beans.
  2. Keith and Helen went to Disneyland and really enjoyed___________________.
  3. We just stood there looking at________________ not knowing what to do.
  4. She admired_________________ in the mirror.
  5. I wanted to see for___________________ where the accident had happens
  6. It is fully automatic. It can switch___________________ on and off.
  7. The little girl was proud she had tidied the room by______________________.
  8. The two dogs stared at___________________ for some seconds before they attacked.
  9. You can’t go out looking like that. Just take a look at_________________.
  10. Paula and Harry are madly in love with_________________ and plan to get married soon.

Little, much, few, many, a lot of, plenty of

Little and much are used with uncountable nouns.

(Very) little means hardly any or not much.

■ He has little knowledge of computers.

A little refers to a [small amount/quantity/length],

■ He has a little money left.

Much refers to [a large amount/quantity].

■ Don’t eat too much.
■ She didn’t say much about it.

Few and many are used with countable nouns.

(Very) few means hardly any or not many.

■ Few students knew the answer.

A few refers to [a small number],

■ There are a few magazines about hi-fi equipment.

Many refers to [a large number].

■ The fall of the government was the result of many strikes.

A lot of and plenty of are used with both countable and uncountable nouns.

A lot of refers to [a large amount] of sth or [a number of things].

■ The firm received a lot of orders for the new product.
■ He had a lot of experience in the field.

Plenty of means a large amount/number and it indicates that there is enough of something or there is more than needed.

■ She’s got plenty of money.
■ There are always plenty of jobs to be done.

Note: Much and many are often used in negative sentences, esp. in spoken English, whereas a lot of and plenty of are often used in affirmative sentences.

Fill in the gaps using the words in bold on the left.

  1. Don’t worry, we’ve got___________________ time to discuss it.
  2. The waiting room was crowded because there were _______________ students waiting to see the headmaster.
  3. Only_________________ people managed to survive the shipwreck.
  4. Although she’s told her brother______________ lies, he still loves her.
  5. Unfortunately, I don’t have _______________money left in my account.
  6. Would you like _________ help?
  7. He’s got______________ good Ideas. Perhaps we should listen to him.
  8. How __________________people did you say were coming to the wedding?
  9. There was___________________ we could do to help the wounded soldier.
  10. I don’t know________________ shops where you could find something like that.
  11. ______________   men throughout history have shown such courage in the face of war.
  12. I’m sure we’ll find something on the subject. After all, there are________________ books to choose from.

Present Continuous vs. Present Simple for future actions

The Present Continuous and the Present Simple can be used to express future actions.

The Present Continuous is used for a definite arrangement in the near future. It is particularly used with verbs of movement such as go, leave, come.

■ He’s leaving for Brussels next week.

The Present Simple is used for a future action which is part of a timetable.

■ Schools open in early September.
■ My train leaves at 4:30.

Study the sentences and say whether the Present Continuous or Present Simple has been used correctly. Correct the mistakes if necessary.

  1. What time is his plane landing?

_______________________________

  1. I visit my grandmother next weekend.

_______________________________

  1. The match starts at 4 o’clock in the afternoon.

_______________________________

  1. I meet my brother for lunch later this evening.

_______________________________

  1. She Is finishing her studies in June.

_______________________________

Exercise 1

For numbers 1-9, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (P) by the number. If a line has a word that should not be there, write the wore in the box.

VISITOR’S LONDON

The London Dungeon is the world-famous horror museum which set in the
huge dark cellars in the Tooley Street, beneath London Bridge station.
Based on historical facts, it presents a series of life-size and all too lifelike scenes
are representing superstition, torture, and death in spine-chilling detail. Eerie
sound effects and dramatic lighting create an excitingly
macabre atmosphere from the moment visitors step themselves through the
Dungeon doors. Next week will sees the opening of The Jack the Ripper
Experience - where you can to take a walk through 19th century East End
London and attempt to solve out this age-old murder mystery. However, if
you regard yourself as a nervous person at all, enter at your own risk.		 1._________
2._________
3._________
4._________
5._________
6._________
7._________
8._________
9._________
10.________

Exercise 2

For numbers 10-14, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

STRANGE     COLLIDE     DISCOVER     CRASH     RESEARCH

WOLVES WATER DOWN ACCIDENTS

Sweden exports a lot of things but wolf urine must be on the way to becoming its
(10)…………….. export. The Swedes claim that a little wolf urine sprinkled over
roads can stop wild animals from crossing. This idea is based on research done at the
University of Umea, which used wolf urine to prevent deer from (11)……………….
with cars. During the 1994 Winter Olympic Games in Lellehammer, Norway, the
method was used to stop deer from crossing mountain roads.
Traffic officials in Kuwait are thinking of using the Swedish (12)…………to prevent
camels (13)………………… into cars. However, will the same thing work with
camels? Swedish (14)…………………Rune Petterson carried out many tests
with camels and the results show that it will.		  

Exercise 3

For numbers 15-21, read the text below and think of the word which fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

ALLERGY ATTACK

When you finally manage to leave the city for fresh air and sunshine, does the inside of your mouth itch and your nose run like a tap? If (15)…………………………, welcome to the world of hay fever.

Hay fever is the common name for an allergic reaction caused by plant pollen floating in the air. The allergic reaction begins (16)………………………… an unfamiliar type of pollen lands in a person’s nasal passage and sends the body’s immune system into chaos.

So what can a sufferer do? Until recently, the answer was not (17)……………….. The only way to protect (18)…………………. was to stay indoors. But since very (19)……………….. people can stay under lock and key from spring to autumn, a better idea is to take antihistamines. However, many antihistamines cause sleepiness and if you have a (20)………………… that involves operating machinery or driving, they should be avoided.

The only permanent solution is to see an allergist and start a series of desensitising injections. Although no one knows why they work, a (21)……………….. of people have reported a great reduction in their hay fever symptoms after two years of receiving allergy shots.

Exercise 4

For numbers 22 - 26, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.

22. There aren’t many job opportunities in that field of work. (few)

      There…………………………… job opportunities in that field of work.

23. Both Albert and I are of the opinion that the company should give all its employees a bonus at Christmas. (believe)

‘I honestly think that all the employees should get a Christmas bonus every year.’

‘…………………………………………. too,’ added Albert.

24. I’ve got a few pounds I could lend you till you get your wages. money

      I’ve got a……………………….. I could lend you till you get your wages.

25. And how many more little jobs have you got to do before we can leave? work

      And how……………………………….. have you got to do before we can leave?

26. They are so selfish; they don’t care about their parents. think

      They only………………………. ; they don’t care about their parents.