Unit 4 | Grammar | B2
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Unit 4 | Grammar | B2

Phrasal verbs

look after take care of
look (a)round view; inspect
look for search for; seek
look in visit briefly
look into investigate
look out (for) pay attention in order to notice sth when it occurs
look through examine; inspect
look...up try to find information (in a dictionary etc.)
look up to respect

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate phrasal verb in the correct tense.

  1. Store detectives are constantly___________________________ shoplifters.
  2. Where on earth is he? I________________ him all morning.
  3. Will you______________ my pet snake while I’m away?
  4. He was fine when I last________________ on him a few days ago.
  5. Well give you an answer as soon as we_____________________ the matter.
  6. ________________ the Tate Gallery took us almost six hours.
  7. He’s a prominent scientist and his colleagues_____________________ him.
  8. I haven’t had the time to____________________ the books you gave me.
  9. Sharon spent the morning______________________ words in the dictionary.

For, since

For + [a period of time] indicates the length of time.

■ I’ve known him for five years.

Since + [a point in past time] indicates the point in the past when sth started.

■ I’ve known him since 1990.

When since is followed by a clause, the verb should be in the simple past.

■ I’ve known him since I left school.

Fill in the gaps with for or since.

  1. He’s been working as a clerk________________ nine months.
  2. She hasn’t been anywhere else___________________ she visited Paris.
  3. I’ve been cleaning the house ________________ nine o’clock this morning.
  4. I’ve owned this house______________ ten years.

The vs. zero article

Use the:

1. with something already mentioned,

■ He wrote her a letter. However, the letter was never posted.

2. with nouns that refer to unique things,

■ the sun, the moon

3. with adjectives referring to groups of people sharing the same characteristics or qualities,

■ Special facilities are provided for the blind.

4. with names of countries or groups of islands which are plural,

■ the Netherlands, the Bahamas

5. with names of rivers, oceans and seas.

■ the Nile, the Pacific, the Mediteiranean

Use zero article with the names of:

1. people, ■ John arrived yesterday.

2. towns, ■ It usually takes two hours to get to London.

3. roads,         ■ Where’s Oxford Street?

4. countries, ■ Paris is the capital of France.

5. lakes, ■ Great Bear is the largest lake in Canada.

6. individual islands, ■ Sicily is part of Italy.

7. institutions, ■ My bank account is with HSBC Bank.

8. meals,      ■ I’ve invited some friends to dinner.

9. games. ■ He used to play basketball a lot.

Fill in the gaps with the or zero article.

  1. They had ______________ dinner at a restaurant near __________ theatre.
  2. He’s studying chemistry at __________________Manchester University.
  3. Priscilla lives in_________________ Paris but she often visits______________ USA.
  4. _______________ rich should help___________ poor.
  5. Why don’t we travel to________________ Mediterranean and visit Crete.
  6. I thought that_________________ Dr Collins would be going with us.
  7. Would you like to join us for a game of____________ football on Saturday?
  8. According to________________ police, no one was to blame for the accident.
  9. Have you heard? There will be a total eclipse of_____________ moon this coming Monday.
  10. My house is on______________ corner of Baily Rd and________________ York Avenue.
  11. The largest lake In the world is______________ Lake Victoria in East Africa.

Present Perfect Simple vs. Simple Past

Note the difference between the Present Perfect Simple (I have done) and the Simple Past (I did):

Use the Present Perfect Simple: Use the Simple Past:
to describe an action that happened:
a. in the past but the time is not mentioned, at a definite time in the past,
■ I have seen that film. ■ I saw that film in October.
b. within an unfinished period of time, within a finished period of time,
■I’ve seen him twice today. ■ I saw him twice last week.
c. in the past but is related to the present at some point in the past, even if the time is not mentioned.
■ I’ve cut my hand and it hurts. ■ Columbus discovered America.

Note that in “Columbus discovered America” the time is not mentioned but it is (or should be) known from history.

Decide whether the underlined verbs are right or wrong. Correct the mistakes.

  1. Look at Teresa! She’s dyed her hair.

____________________________________________

  1. I went to the States several times.

____________________________________________

  1. She washed the dishes and she is now having a rest.

____________________________________________ 

  1. When have you broken your arm?

____________________________________________

  1. Vangelis has composed the music for the film Christopher Columbus.

____________________________________________

Exercise 1

For numbers 1 - 9, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (✓) by the number. If a line has a word that should not be there, write the word in the box.

WATER WORKS

You will have probably heard it people say that you should drink eight glasses of
water a day if you would want to stay healthy. Have you ever wondered why?
According to experts, the average person loses 10 cups of water a day: two
through sweating, two through breathing it and six through waste removal
(going to the toilet). You can replace up till to two cups through the food you
eat but the other eight cups must be replaced by drinking liquids, mainly water.
Eight cups is not enough though, if you make exercise. The more you exercise,
the more water you need, not only to keep off your body temperature down and to
carry oxygen to your cells but also to protect joints and organs. So, how much water
did you drink yesterday?		 1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
4.___________
5.___________
6.___________
7.___________
8.___________
9.___________
10.__________

Exercise 2

For numbers 10 - 16, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space, the same line.

NO LONGER A VICTIM

Almost a year ago Roberta Haycock was a (10 HELP)…………… bystander during a bank (11 ROB)………............. Luckily, no one was hurt during the crime and Roberta, though shaken, was willing to forget the incident. She had never considered the need to protect herself.  However, her outlook on self-defence changed (12 DRAMA)………………….. after a recent (13 MUG)……………….. outside her local supermarket. ‘I have always been pretty indifferent about my personal (14 SAFE)………………..’ she says, ‘but not anymore.’ Since her attack, Roberta has started self-defence classes and is working on a video called ‘Not an Easy Target. ’ In view of previous experiences, she stresses that you shouldn’t wait to become a victim before you start taking (15 ACT)…………………..  ‘Many people have the "it’ll never happen to me" attitude,’ she says,‘but the risks are far greater than you might think. For example a (16 BURGLE) …………………….occurs nearly every minute somewhere in the country. So do something about it now. The next time a crime takes place make sure you are not just a bystander or, worse, the victim.’

Exercise 3

For numbers 17 – 23, read the text below and think of the word which fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

NEOLITHIC EXHIBITION IN ATHENS. GREECE

The museum of Cycladic Art in Athens (17)……………….. organised the first exhibition ever devoted solely to relics from (18)………………….. Neolithic Age. Between 6800 BC and 3200 BC, early humans began to form permanent communities and built the cultural foundation for the civilisations that would follow. The museum has (19)……………… to gather nearly 400 items from Neolithic Greece from 52 Greek and Cypriot museums. The objects, some of which have (20)……… been shown, were all excavated during this century from hundreds of settlements, farms and cemeteries across Greece. The pieces include stone tools, pottery, jewellery and clay and marble figurines. Perhaps the (21)………………….            fascinating exhibit of all is the reconstruction of a prehistoric grave complete (22)………………… skeleton. The grave was first discovered near a town (23)………………………. central Greece.

Exercise 4

For numbers 24 - 28, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.

  1. Ken and Sandra are at the museum. | have

Both……………………. the museum.

  1. The government should provide more facilities so that disabled people can lead normal lives. |  the

The government should provide more facilities so that……………….. can lead normal lives.

  1. William O'Brian has been accused of murdering his neighbour. | charged

William O’Brian……………….. murdering his neighbour.

  1. Nick has lived in London for a year.  |  since

Nick has………………………… year.

  1. Someone stole some money from my safe last night.   |  robbed

Someone……………….. some money last night.