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Unit 29: Direct – reported speech | Grammar | A1
Khi tường thuật lại lời nói của một ai đó, thì trong câu sẽ thay đổi
Chúng ta tường thuật lại những gì đã được nói trước thời điểm hiện tại.
Chúng ta thường lùi động từ về một thì trong câu tường thuật.
| CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TIẾP | CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT GIÁN TIẾP | |
| THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN | trở thành | THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN |
| THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN | trở thành | THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN |
VD: “Is there a doctor in the building?” asked a man.
A man asked if there WAS a doctor in the building.
“I’m washing you football kit,” said my mother.
My mother said she WAS washing my football kit.
| CÂU TRỰC TIẾP | CÂU GIÁN TIẾP | |
| CÂU PHÁT BIỂU | “I’m a teacher.” | He said he was a teacher. |
| CÂU HỎI | “Are you hungry?” | She asked me if I was hungry. |
| CÂU MỆNH LỆNH | “Don’t walk on the grass!” | He told me not to walk on the grass. |
EXERCISE 1
Thay đổi thì của động từ để hoàn thành những câu phát biểu gián tiếp sau:
1. "My friend visits his grandmother every week."
He said his friend________________ his grandmother every week.
2. “ I’m painting the kitchen.”
She said she _____________________ the kitchen.
3. “You have exactly one hour to wait until the train arrives."
The guard told us we______________ exactly one hour to wait until the train_________.
4. "Julie is busy. She's writing a composition about wild animals."
Julie's mother said Julie_______________ busy.
She_______________________ a composition about wild animals.
5. “he usually travels by car but today he’s taking the bus.”
George’s friend said George usually __________ by car but that day he _______________ the bus.
Trong câu gián tiếp, các cụm từ sau đây được đổi thành:
| CÂU TRỰC TIẾP | CÂU GIÁN TIẾP |
| now today here this/these yesterday tomorrow | then, immediately that day there that/those the previous day/the day before the next day/the following day |
Nhưng đôi khi không cần thay đổi, đặc biệt trong câu gián tiếp không trang trọng/văn nói.
EXERCISE 2 | Time and place changes
Xem ví dụ những câu tường thuật trực tiếp và gián tiếp sau đây, điền vào chỗ trống bằng cách thay đổi những từ ngữ chỉ thời gian/nơi chốn:
e.g. "Stop talking now!"
The teacher told me to stop talking immediately.
"We're going on a picnic today."
My mum said we were going on a picnic that day.
"Don't eat these apples."
He told us not to eat those apples.
1. "We meet here every Saturday."
He said they met_______________ every Saturday.
2. "Put your rubbish in this bin."
The park keeper told me to put my rubbish in________________ bin.
3. "The children are going to the theatre tomorrow."
He said the children were going to the theatre______________.
4. "Don't leave your wet umbrella__________________.”
She told me not to leave my wet umbrella there.
5. "I want to know where you were_________________.”
She wanted to know where I had been the previous day.
6. "The manager is phoning you later__________________ ."
The message said that the manager was phoning me later that day.