Unit 2 | Grammar | B2
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Unit 2 | Grammar | B2

Phrasal verbs

put...away return to its rightful place
put...off postpone
put...on i. get dressed; wear
ii. switch on
put...out extinguish
put...through make a connection on the phone
put...up i. raise (the price)
ii. provide accommodation
put up with tolerate

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate phrasal verb.

  1. No matter how hard they tried, they couldn’t_______________ the fire.
  2. Will you________ me________ for the night?
  3. I’m afraid we’ll have to__________________ this meeting
  4. _______________ your toys_______________ and go to bed right now!
  5. I’m not prepared to __________his bad temper.
  6. ____________ your coat. It’s time for us to go.
  7. Hold on. I’ll__________ you__________ to the manager.
  8. I’ll ____________ the music and you can pour the wine.
  9. They’ve ____________________ the price of petrol again.

during vs. while  

During + noun indicates:

a. that sth happens over a period of time or several times from the beginning to the end of that period

■ He phoned several times during your absence.

b. that sth happens at some point in a certain period of time.

■ I fell asleep during the film.

While + subject + verb means during the time that.

■ I saw him while I was crossing the street.  

Use during, or while to fill in the blanks.

  1. used to see him quite often ________________he was in Athens.
  2. Mary often goes skiing______________ the winter.
  3. It rained heavily ______________ the night.
  4. I met an old friend of mine ____________I was waiting for the bus.
  5. ____________ he was on holiday, he met a famous writer.

Nouns ending in -ics                 

All nouns that refer to fields of study are uncountable, even if they end in -ics. They are, therefore, followed by a verb in the singular.

■ Economics is the study of the production and distribution of money and goods.

■ History was my favourite subject at school.

LEARNING TIPS

Learn the correct noun form for a field of study and the job title of the person who works in that field.

Match A-D with 1-4 to make complete sentences. Put the verbs in the correct tense.

A. French          B. Physics           C. Linguistics           D. Maths

  1. (include)______________ the study of magnetic fields.
  2. (involve) ________________ the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, etc.
  3. (study)______________ the way in which language works.
  4. (be) ____________ one of his favourite subjects at high school.

Past Continuous vs. Simple Past

Use the Past Continuous (I was doing) to describe:

a. an activity which was in progress at a certain point of time in the past,

■ When I saw them, they were playing tennis.

b. (usually with while) two parallel activities happening at the same time in the past.

■ He was playing the piano while she was trying to study.

Use the Simple Past (I did) to describe:

a. an action that was completed in the past at a definite time,

■ He finished his studies a couple of years ago.

b. complete actions in the past that follow one another,

■ He first examined the patient and then gave him some medicine to relieve the pain.

c. a habitual action in the past.

■ I studied every day when I was at school.

The Past Continuous and Simple Past can be used in the same sentence to describe a longer action which was interrupted by a briefer one.

■ I was having a bath when I heard the fire alarm.

Decide whether the underlined verbs are RIGHT or WRONG. Correct the mistakes.

  1. Although I was starting early, I didn’t manage to finish it.

___________________________

  1. Where did you lose your passport?

___________________________

  1. Ken rode his bike to work when he was living in Chesham.

___________________________

  1. When I saw her, she was telling me about her accident.

___________________________

  1. I was feeding the baby while Ann prepared dinner

___________________________

  1. What did you do at the time of the murder?

___________________________

Stative and Dynamic verbs

Stative verbs:

1. describe feelings or states,

■ Do you understand?

2. are not usually used in continuous tenses.

Dynamic verbs:

1. describe actions,

■ He frequently talks to her on the phone.

2. can be used in continuous tenses.

■ He is talking on the phone at the moment.

Note: Certain verbs can be both stative and dynamic depending on:

3. the meaning,

■ I see what you mean. (stative)
■ I’m seeing him on Monday, (dynamic)

4. whether or not the subject has any control over the action.

■ We will face a lot of changes over the next few months, (stative)
■ The teacher was facing the class. (dynamic)

Use the prompts to construct sentences.

  1. The food / smell / good. I / think /1 / try / some / now.

___________________________

  1. John / be / absent-minded / because / he / think / about / his girlfriend.

___________________________

  1. Of course /1 / know / Johnny Depp. He / be / brilliant / actor.

___________________________

  1. It / now / seem / certain / accident / be / his fault.

___________________________

  1. She / appear / on / talk / show / TV / tonight.

___________________________

Exercise 1

For numbers 1-9, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (P) by the number. Otherwise, write the word in the box.

ROBINSON CRUSOE, SCOTTISH PIRATE

Daniel Defoe’s ‘Robinson Crusoe’ might never would have been written if it hadn’t
been for a quarrel that Alexander Selkirk had on a Scottish pirate ship in
one night in 1704. During a voyage to the South Seas, Selkirk had an
argument with the captain and demanded to be put ashore. The captain did
left him to ashore - on an uninhabited island off the coast of Chile.
Nobody knows for what the row was about. But it meant that Selkirk had to
live on the island for nearly four and a half years ago, until he was rescued
in 1709 and returned to England. Being a journalist, Defoe heard about
Selkirk, and used the pirate’s story as much the basis of his own story which was
about a religious man who was abandoned on a desert island for 24 years.		 1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
4.___________
5.___________
6.___________
7.___________
8.___________
9.___________
10.__________

Exercise 2

For numbers 10-17, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.

I have never been a very (10 ATHLETE)……………………person. However, a close friend finally persuaded me to take up jogging. An easy and (11 HARM)……………..…..... form of exercise, or so he said. Equipped with the latest jogging gear, complete with headband and Walkman, I set off for the park. Nobody had told me anything about warming up first or how to avoid leg (12 INJURE)………………... Twenty minutes into my first, and last, attempt at jogging, I did what every first-timer’s nightmares are made of. I tripped and found myself lying (13 BREATH)………………. in front of several other ‘seasoned’ joggers. Of course, I had to get out of this embarrassing situation as quickly and discreetly as possible. So, (14 REGARD)…….......………. any offers of help and despite a (15 PAIN)………….....…..    ankle, I continued running… straight home. The next morning every muscle in my body was sore, even muscles I didn’t know I even had, and I could hardly walk. My doctor promised me that the (16 STIFF)….........…… in my muscles would go away in a couple of days but I would have to get (17 TREAT)……….....…....  for my ankle and that would probably include some time off work. Then and there I decided that jogging was not for me.

Exercise 3

For numbers 18 - 24, read the text below and think of the word which fits each space. Use only one word in each space.

A GHOSTLY WARNING

While staying at a friend’s house in Ireland, Lord Dufferin was suddenly awoken (18)……………….. the night. Going to the window, he saw a man carrying what looked (19)………………..  a coffin. When he shouted from the window, the man looked up and Lord Dufferin saw a wrinkled, ugly face that totally disgusted him. He turned away but when he looked back, the man had disappeared. A few years (20)……………., Lord Dufferin was in Paris for a party at the Grand Hotel. Just as he was about to enter the lift, Lord Dufferin took a step back and refused to go inside. The lift operator was none other (21)…………… the ugly man he had seen in Ireland years before. (22)…………………      the lift was on its way up, Lord Dufferin went to the reception desk to find out who the strange man was. Then something tragic happened. Seconds before the lift (23)……………… the fifth floor, the cable snapped, killing all (24)……………… occupants. The hotel management couldn’t find any record of the lift operator’s name or background.

Exercise 4

For numbers 25 - 29, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given.

  1. I have arranged to meet Mrs Williams tomorrow. seeing

I ………………………………………...... Mrs Williams tomorrow.

  1. While he was staying in Egypt, he visited the pyramids. during

He visited the pyramids……………………………………………..in Egypt.

  1. I am sure that ghosts don’t exist. believe

I…………………………………………….... ghosts.

  1. I was very bad at economics when 1 was at school. worst

Economics ………………………………………… when I was at school.

  1. It started to rain in the middle of their picnic. having

It started to rain………………………………………… a picnic.